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An unfortunate tendency was for many people to conflate homosexuals with pedophiles and serial killers. The disapprobation of psychiatrists and employers reflected the overt hostility of the mainstream American mindset. Thus at a very basic level, to identify oneself as a homosexual in public was to invite a lifetime of poverty. Private employers varied on this issue, but most would fire any employee who was discovered to be gay. Homosexuals had long been barred from employment in federal jobs, a policy that was reinforced in 1953 by Dwight Eisenhower’s Executive Order 10450. It was common practice for employers to prohibit homosexuality. On this basis the practice of conversion therapy took hold, with widespread attempts to change people from homosexual to heterosexual (here are just a few examples from students at Oberlin College in Ohio). It was widely conjectured that homosexuality resulted from emotional traumas in childhood, as is the case with other mental illnesses, and that genetics played little to no role. This was a predominant view in the mental health profession for the entire decade (an important exception was Evelyn Hooker). It included homosexuality as a mental disease.
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In 1952 the American Psychiatric Association published the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders for the first time. In daily language they were often defined as “deviants”, “perverts”, or “inverts”, when they were not being painted as pedophiles.
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Most employers and government agencies barred homosexuals with morality clauses and they were widely considered to be security risks. The psychiatric community was nearly unanimous in this assessment and others took their cue from this stance.
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The dominant perception of homosexuality in the 1950s was that it was a disease. Under constant harassment by the police, homosexuals risked social ostracism and loss of employment if outed. In Los Angeles throughout the 1950s, the culture of gay men functioned very much below the radar. At the same time thousands of gay men found themselves in California after World War II, and they were presented with the problem of living a life in the midst of social disapproval and police repression. In the wake of World War II a conformist impulse reasserted itself in American society. This group founded the Mattachine Society She also says emergency hotel housing will not be offered again next year.Īdditionally, Leachman clarifies that UCSB will continue with the “planning process” for Munger Hall, the proposed student dormitory that made headlines for its windowless dorm rooms.A gathering of gay men in Los Angeles in 1951. She says they’re looking into master leases, which are contracts between the university and the owner of an apartment building, to increase housing capacity. UCSB’s public affairs editorial director, Shelly Leachman, said via email that the housing situation will be better next year. UCSB student James Estrada says he won’t move out of his van and into a house unless the deal is really good. Matthews says she wouldn’t return to UCSB if given the opportunity, and thinks the school could have done a lot more to help her and other students like her who were struggling to find housing. She is now expecting her first child this summer. She has no concrete plan to finish college, though she plans to apply for the 2023 school year. After she couldn’t find any housing for herself while enrolling as a transfer student last Fall, Matthews rescinded her acceptance to UCSB, and centered her life on working full-time finding housing for developmentally disabled adults. Matthews’ life has taken a different turn. It's my own little space, I don't share it with anyone. “I've been given housing offers by friends that I’m meeting, and I think I'd rather stick it out in the van. “If it was like some random opening in a double or triple, I don't think I would take it,” Estrada says. He thinks about upgrades he can make to his van at least once a day, and wouldn’t move out into a house or apartment unless it was a really good deal. For Estrada, the van life has become less of a burden and more of a hobby. Now, eight months later, things have changed for the two of them, as well as UCSB itself. Housing was so scarce that UCSB started putting students in temporary hotel stays. Others, like fourth-year applied mathematics major James Estrada, bought a van to call home. Some students, like Alexandria Matthews, chose to withdraw. When school resumed at UC Santa Barbara in September, many college students still didn’t have housing secured.